Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Patterns of CAD/CAM, 3D-Printed Resin Matrix Ceramic, and Zirconia Implant-Supported Crowns

Authors

  • Diana Qasim Sabih Al-Rafidain University, College of Dentistry, Department of conservative Dentistry, Author
  • Haider Hasan Jasim Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Author
  • Nada Ali Mahdi Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Author
  • Rim Bourgi Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine ,Saint-Joseph University of Beirut Author
  • Farah Abdul-Razzaq Mahmood Al-Bazaza Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Rafidain University, Baghdad, Iraq Author
  • Aya Nashwan Naji Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Al-Rafidain University, Baghdad, Iraq Author

Keywords:

CAD/CAM, Fractography, Implant Supported Crown, Resin Matrix Ceramic, Zirconia

Abstract

Background: implant-supported crowns are widely used for the replacement of missing teeth. Recent advances in digital dentistry have introduced CAD/CAM and 3D-printing technologies, providing a variety of restorative materials with different mechanical properties. However, evidence regarding their fracture behavior and failure patterns remains limited.

Objective: To compare the fracture patterns of CAD/CAM nano-hybrid ceramic, 3D printed resin matrix ceramic, and zirconia implant supported crowns

Material and method: vericom Mazic® Duro (CAD/CAM Nano Hybrid Ceramic) and saremco Print Crowntec (3D printable resins-based) were used as resin matrix ceramic and IPS e.max. ZirCAD ivoclar (zirconia) was utilized to fabricate lower first molar screw-retained, implant-supported crowns. following fabrication, the crowns were glued onto stock abutments-previously secured to analogs embedded in acrylic resin -using Rely X U200 self-adhesive resin cement (3M ESPE, Germany) . At last , all specimens were subjected to a fracture resistance test. Chi-square was applied to assess the fracture patterns.

Results: Statistical evaluation using the chi-square test revealed no significant relationship between fracture mode and methods (p-value =0.109) .The failure mode in Group A and Group B showed that all specimens failed due to crown fracture, with 83.3% exhibiting mode 1 (Crown fracture) and the remaining 16.7% experiencing mode 2 (Crown fracture + total debonding). In Group C, the failure modes were evenly distributed, with 50% classified as mode 1 and the remaining 50% as mode 2.

Conclusion: The different materials do not impact the mechanism of fracture of an implant-supported crown. The higher incidence of debonding in zirconia crowns may be related to the absence of silica on the zirconia surface

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Published

2026-07-18

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vol. 1, issue 1, 2026

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